1. Planning: Planning is the most basic or primary function of management. It precedes other functions because a manager plans before he acts. Planning involves determining the objectives and selecting a course of action to achieve them. It implies looking ahead and deciding in advance what is to be done, when and where it is to be done, how and by whom it is to be done.

2. Organizing: Organizing is defined as the process of groping activities and resources in a logical and appropriate fashion. In the study of management, organizing can therefore be regarded as a process of management concerned with change or growth of structure. It involves shaping the organization as it grows, changes or shrinks. Organizing as a process involves:

• Identification of activities.
• Classification of grouping of activities.
• Assignment of duties.
• Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.
• Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.

3. Coordination: Coordination is the function of management that ensures that different departments and groups work in sync. Therefore, there is the unity of action among the employees, groups, and departments. It also brings harmony in carrying out the different tasks and activities to achieve its objectives efficiently.

4. Directing: Directing is concerned with telling people what to do and seeing that they do it as best as possible. It includes assigning tasks and duties, explaining procedures, issuing orders, providing on-the-job instructions, monitoring performance, and correcting deviations. The directing function of management involves guiding, inspiring, overseeing, and leading people for the accomplishment of predetermined objectives.

5. Controlling: It is the process of ensuring that events conform to plans as closely as possible. It is the process of ensuring that what ought to be done is being done and of restricting undesirable action in terms of quantity, quality, time, and costs. The managerial function of controlling involves the measurement of actual performance, comparing it with the planned standard and correcting deviations to ensure attainment of predetermined objectives.

6. Staffing: Staffing is getting people with the right skills, knowledge, and abilities to fill up vacant positions in the organization. Staffing involves:

• Manpower Planning
• Recruitment, Selection & Placement.
• Training & Development.
• Performance Appraisal.
• Promotions & Transfer.

7. Motivation – It means inspiring, stimulating, or encouraging the subordinates with zeal to work. Positive, negative, monetary, non-monetary incentives may be used for this purpose.

8. Communications – It is the process of passing information, experience, opinion, etc., from one person to another. It is a bridge of understanding.