ATD 009: Principles Of Economics
Categories: Accounting Technicians Diploma (ATD)
About Course
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GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The general objective of studying the principles of economics for accounting technician diploma students is to equip them with a fundamental understanding of economic concepts and their practical applications in the business and financial world. This knowledge is essential for several reasons:
- Informed Decision-Making: Economics provides the tools to analyze market conditions, understand economic trends, and make informed decisions that can enhance the financial health of businesses. This is crucial for accounting technicians who often advise on financial planning and budgeting.
- Understanding Market Dynamics: By learning about supply and demand, market structures, and price mechanisms, accounting technicians can better understand how businesses operate within the larger economic environment. This understanding helps them anticipate changes that may impact financial performance.
- Resource Allocation: Economics teaches the principles of efficient resource allocation. Accounting technicians can apply these principles to ensure that resources are used effectively within an organization, contributing to cost control and improved profitability.
- Policy Implications: Economic policies at both the macro and micro levels can significantly impact businesses. Knowledge of economics allows accounting technicians to understand these policies and their implications, helping them to adapt strategies accordingly.
- Financial Analysis and Reporting: Economic principles underpin many of the analyses and reports prepared by accounting technicians. For instance, understanding inflation, interest rates, and economic cycles is essential for accurate financial forecasting and valuation.
- Risk Management: Economics provides insights into risk and uncertainty, teaching techniques to manage and mitigate financial risks. This is particularly relevant for accounting technicians involved in auditing and financial compliance.
- Ethical Considerations: Economics also involves the study of welfare and the distribution of resources, which can inform the ethical standards and practices in accounting. This broader perspective helps accounting technicians to uphold integrity and social responsibility in their work.
What Will You Learn?
- Apply foundational economic concepts to manage limited resources
- Determine the pricing of commodities using the forces of supply and demand
- Apply the Theory of Consumer behavior in determining consumer satisfaction
- Apply the theory of production to determine appropriate mix of factors of production
- Apply foundational economic concepts to manage limited resources
- Apply foundational economic concepts to manage limited resources
- Apply the theory of costs to determine the cost of production
- Use mathematical approach to determine profit maximization in various market structures
- Evaluate the impact of macroeconomic factors on an organisation
Course Content
INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS
-
Definition of Economics
15:53 -
Basic Concepts of Economics
26:18 -
Scope of Economics: Micro and Macro Economics
18:11 -
Methodology of Economics
15:03 -
Economic systems
22:23 -
Consumers’ sovereignty and its limitations
14:53
DEMAND ANALYSIS
-
Definition
11:53 -
Law of Demand
08:40 -
Exceptional Demand Curves
10:41 -
Individual demand versus Market demand
09:12 -
Factors influencing demand
12:18 -
Types of demand
09:06 -
Movement along and shifts of demand curves
15:45 -
Elasticity of demand
15:23 -
Types of elasticity of demand
24:27 -
Measurement of elasticity; Point and Arc Elasticity
17:28 -
Factors influencing elasticity of demand
03:52 -
Application of elasticity of demand
05:52
SUPPLY ANALYSIS
-
Definition
10:19 -
Individual versus Market supply
09:12 -
Factors influencing supply
10:33 -
Movement along and shifts of supply curves
08:26 -
definition of elasticity of supply
11:46 -
Price Elasticity of Supply
03:42 -
Factors Influencing Elasticity of Supply
04:29 -
Application of Elasticity of Supply
07:02 -
Determination of Equilibrium
23:51 -
Interaction of Supply and Demand, Equilibrium Price and Quantity
16:58 -
Mathematical approach to equilibrium analysis
20:14 -
Stable versus unstable equilibrium
03:20 -
Effects of Shifts in Demand and Supply on Market Equilibrium
20:31 -
Effects of Taxes and Subsidies on Market Equilibrium
00:00 -
Price Controls: Maximum and Minimum Price Control
19:18 -
Price Decontrols: Effects of Maximum and Minimum Price Decontrol
00:00 -
Reasons for price fluctuations in agriculture and the cobweb theorem
11:57
THE THEORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
-
Approaches to the Theory of the Consumer – Cardinal Versus Ordinal Approach
27:31 -
Utility Analysis, Marginal Utility (MU), Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility (DMU)
27:21 -
Limitations of Cardinal Approach
06:36 -
Indifference Curve Analysis; Indifference Curve and Budget Line
33:41 -
Consumer Equilibrium; Effects of Changes in Prices and Incomes on Consumer Equilibrium
23:04 -
Derivation of a Demand Curve
24:11 -
Applications of Indifference Curve Analysis: Substitution Effect and Income Effect for a Normal Good, Inferior Good and a Giffen Good; Derivation of the Engels Curve
28:14 -
Indifference Curve for Perfect Substitues and Perfect Complements
15:27 -
Consumer Surplus /Marshallian Surplus
13:10
THE THEORY OF PRODUCTION
-
Introduction to Production
24:28 -
Factors of Production
20:08 -
Mobility of Factors of Production
13:45 -
Short Run Analysis
10:45 -
Total Product, Average and Marginal Products
31:49 -
Stages in Production and the Law of Variable Proportions/ the Law of Diminishing Returns
14:12 -
Long Run Analysis
10:57 -
Isoquant and Isocost Lines
28:29 -
The Concept of Producer Equilibrium and Firm’s Expansion Curve/Path
01:10:18 -
Law of Decreasing Returns to Scale
07:35 -
Isoquants for perfect substitution and perfect complements
28:45 -
Demand and Supply of Factors of Production
26:37 -
Wage Determination: Demand and Supply for Labour
16:42 -
Marginal Productivity Theory
00:00 -
Wage Differential
00:00 -
Trade Unions: Functions, Effectiveness and Challenges
00:00 -
Transfer earnings and economic rent/producers surplus
00:00
THE THEORY OF COSTS
-
Short Run Costs Analysis and Size of the Firm’s Total Cost, Fixed Cost, Average Cost, Variable Costs and Marginal Cost
00:00 -
Long Run Costs Analysis
00:00 -
Optimal Size of a Firm
00:00 -
Economies and Diseconomies of Scale
00:00
MARKET STRUCTURES
-
Definition of a Market
15:32 -
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Profit Maximization
12:36 -
Mathematical Approach to Profit Maximization
27:25 -
Output, Prices and Efficiency of: Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopolistic Competition
00:00
INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMICS
-
The basic concepts and scope of macroeconomics analysis
00:00 -
The Major Goals/Aims of macroeconomic policy
00:00 -
Importance of Macroeconomics
00:00 -
The Limitations of Macroeconomics
00:00
NATIONAL INCOME
-
Definition of National Income
20:15 -
Circular Flow of Income
26:05 -
Methods/Approaches to Measuring National Income
00:00 -
Concepts of National Income: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP) and Net National Product (NNP), Net National Income (NNI) at Market Price and Factor Cost, Disposable Income
00:00 -
Difficulties in Measuring National Income
00:00 -
Uses of Income Statistics
00:00 -
Analysis of Consumption, Saving and Investment and their Interaction in a Simple Economic Model
00:00 -
Mathematical Approach to The Determination of Equilibrium National Income
00:00 -
Inflationary and Deflationary Gaps
00:00 -
The Multiplier and Accelerator Concepts
00:00 -
Business Cycles/Cyclical Fluctuations
00:00
ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
The differences between economic growth and economic development
Actual and potential growth
The benefits and costs of economic growth
Determinants of economic development
Common characteristics of developing countries
Role of agriculture and industry in economic development
Obstacles to economic development
The need for development planning
Short term, medium term and long term planning tools
Challenges to economic planning in developing countries
-
The Differences Between Economic Growth and Economic Development
00:00 -
Actual and Potential Growth
00:00 -
The Benefits and Costs of Economic Growth
00:00 -
Determinants of Economic Development
00:00 -
Common Characteristics of Developing Countries
00:00 -
Obstacles to Economic Development
00:00 -
The Need for Development Planning
00:00 -
Short Term, Medium Term and Long Term Planning Tools
00:00 -
Challenges to Economic Planning in Developing Countries
00:00
MONEY
-
The Nature and Functions of Money
00:00 -
Demand and Supply of Money
00:00 -
Theories of Demand for Money: The Quantity Theory, the Keynesian Liquidity Preference Theory
00:00
THE BANKING SYSTEM
-
Definition of commercial banks
00:00 -
The role of commercial banks and non-banking financial institutions in the economy
00:00 -
Credit Creation
00:00 -
Definition of central bank
00:00 -
The role of the central bank; traditional and changing role in a liberalised economy, such as financial sector reform, exchange rate reform
00:00 -
Monetary policy, definition, objectives, instruments and limitations
00:00 -
Classical Theory of Interest rate Determination
00:00 -
Interest rates and their effects on the level of investment, output, inflation and employment
00:00 -
Harmonisation of fiscal and monetary policies
00:00 -
Simple IS–LM Model
00:00 -
Partial equilibrium and general equilibrium
00:00
INFLATION
-
Definition and Types of Inflation
00:00 -
Causes of Inflation: Cost Push and Demand Pull
00:00 -
Effects of Inflation
00:00 -
Measures to Control Inflation
00:00
UNEMPLOYMENT
-
Definition of Unemployment
07:52 -
Relationship Between Unemployment and Inflation: The Phillips Curve
00:00 -
Types and Causes of Unemployment
38:07 -
Control Measures of Unemployment
15:46
AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
-
Role of Agriculture in Economic Development
18:56 -
Challenges Facing Agricultural Sector in Developing Countries
14:29 -
Policies to Improve Agricultural Sector
09:54 -
Role of Industry in Economic Development
09:59 -
Benefits of Industrialisation in Developing Countries
00:00 -
Obstacles to Industrialisation in Developing Countries
13:37 -
Policies to Enhance Industrial Development in Developing Countries
11:52
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